Responsible beverage service training and education on techniques that can reduce sales to minors as well as reduce sales of alcohol to intoxicated persons

Some studies have shown improvements in ID checking as a result of training.  Stronger effects have been shown on reducing service to intoxicated patrons, especially when combined with enforcement.¹

Media campaigns, media advocacy, and counteradvertising

Media campaigns have been found to be very important components of enforcement efforts, greatly magnifying their effectiveness.  Counteradvertising has been found to have an effect on attitudes toward alcohol and intentions to use.²

Conditional use permits for alcohol outlets, including 21-and-over entry restrictions

This strategy has not been specifically evaluated, but it may be a way of reducing access.

Application of appropriate sanctions to violating merchants

This strategy has not been specifically evaluated.  It is an important adjunct to  compliance checks.

Enforcement of laws against buying alcohol for minors

This strategy has not been specifically evaluated, but it may be a way of reducing access.

Controls on alcohol advertising (especially on billboards, sides of buses, and in other public areas)

Exposure to alcohol advertising has been found to have an effect on attitudes toward alcohol and intentions to use.³

Prohibitions of alcohol sponsorship of public events (e.g., a beer company sponsoring a boat race)

This strategy has not been specifically evaluated, but it can be a strong expression of community norms.

Prohibitions or controls on alcohol use at community events or in public areas (e.g., at county fairs, in parks, or at beaches), which can also be seen as a control on access

This strategy has not been specifically evaluated, but it can be a strong expression of community norms.

Controls on outlet location and density

Higher density contributes to increased alcohol-related problems.  Lower density reduces alcohol-related problems.⁴

Increases in price through excise taxes

Increase taxes have consistently been found to reduce alcohol consumption and problems, especially among youth.⁵

Controls on hours of sale

Effects on youth have not been specifically evaluated, but, in general, controls on availability reduce alcohol-related problems.⁶                                 

Keg registration laws

This strategy has not been specifically evaluated but is consistent with general finding that reducing access reduces use.

Community sponsorship of alcohol-free activities for youth

This strategy has been specifically evaluated, but it can be an expression of community norms.